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This report summarizes various upgrade considerations for the existing standard for Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE).

In 2015, Power System Relaying & Control Committee, jointly with Electric Machines and Transmission and Distribution committees, published a report entitled “Fault Contributions from Wind Farms”[1]. This report documented simulated and field data pertaining to different types of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and wind farms.

Rapid growth in interconnection of solar photovoltaic and Type III or IV wind energy conversion sources to the transmission system is creating new challenges for protection engineers. Unlike synchronous resources, these new energy conversion sources connect to the grid with full or partial power electronic interfaces that are referred to as inverter-based resource (IBR).

The first subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) in a type-3 wind farm with series compensated interconnection that caused severe damage was observed in Texas in 2009. Since then, analysis of the root causes and investigation of countermeasures have been carried out for such type of systems. Research indicates that such oscillations are due to radial connection of a type-3 wind farm to a series compensated line.

Utilities are under considerable pressure to increase the share of wind energy resources in their generation fleet. With the increasing share of wind energy resources, the dynamic behavior of power systems will change considerably due to fundamental differences in technologies used for wind and conventional generators. There is a very little standardization in the ways to model wind turbines (WTs) and wind parks (WPs) in sharp contrast to conventional power plants.