Power System Advancements Now Require Electromagnetic Transients Programs (Slides)

With the commercial operation of high voltage DC transmission (HVDC) systems starting up in the late 1960's, studying their impact in the power systems they were imbedded in was a major challenge. The digital load flow and transients stability programs were only being developed when computers were powerful enough to run them. This being in the late 1960's and early 1970's. During this same period, HVDC had to be properly assessed on component based transient network analyzers (TNA). This was a laborious process setting up an HVDC system on a TNA and where a duplicate set of actual controls and protections in actual hardware were essential.